Highland cattle are one of the oldest known breeds of cattle in the world. They are certainly one of the oldest registered breeds of cattle, with the first herd book being published in 1885. Archaeological evidence of the Highland breed goes back to the sixth century, with written records existing from the twelfth century.The first recorded importation into the United States occurred in the late 1890's when western cattlemen recognized the need to improve the hardiness of their herds. Earlier importations are likely to have occurred since large numbers of Scotch/Irish immigrants came to this country early on, but the absence of a registry precludes any definite proof. The American Highland Cattle Association registry was formed in 1948. There is more information in the "Links" section of this site. 

Hardiness and vigor: Highland cattle are noted for their hardiness and vigor. Natural selection over the centuries in the harsh climate of Scotland ensured that only the most efficient animals would survive to breed. The gene pool today remains largely intact allowing them to thrive where other breeds struggle.

Hair Coat: The double coat of hair (long, coarse outer layer and soft wooly inner layer) is one of the most notable differences between Highlands and all other breeds. The coat reduces the need for expensive barns and shelters. Highlands grazing a day or two after a winter storm, with snow still melting off their backs, is not an unusual sight, as they are that well insulated. The long hair over the eyes (dossan) helps reduce the incidence of pinkeye and other fly borne problems.

Highland breeders will tell you that a Highlands feed intake does not increase until 18 degrees, compared to 32 degrees in many other breeds. In addition, the long hair means that the animal does not have to produce a layer of fat to stay warm. This allows the animal to marble naturally on low input forage while producing lean, low fat, high quality cuts of beef.

Highlands shed out earlier in the spring and produce less hair in a warmer climate, making suitable throughout the U.S.A.

Easy Handling: Highlands have a long close history of living with humans. Early Scots would keep the cows downstairs to provide warmth for the family, that was on the second story and to make sure the neighbors didn't help themselves to the family's wealth. Highlands tend to be docile and calm and do not stress easily. They are easy to work with despite their long horns. The horns are used primarily for knocking down brush to graze on, predator control and scratching. Horns on females are generally upswept and finer textured than are the males. Male horns are more forward pointing and massive.

Exceptional Mothering and Calving Ease: Highland cows are noted for being highly devoted and protective mothers. They produce a rich milk allowing for steady weight gain, in the calf. Highlands are noted for calving ease. Calves are small (55-60 pounds) and birthing assists are rare. Cows may produce into their late teens reducing the need for frequent herd replacement.

Unlike other breeds, Highlands are slow maturing making the meat tender, flavorful and succulent. In a recent study at Manyberries Research station, Canada, groups of Hereford, Highland and Highland/Hereford crosses were tested. The Highland group produced 2000 pounds more beef than the Herefords. The Highland/Hereford crosses produced 6000 pounds more than the purebred Hereford group.

Highland cows will average 900-1200 pounds when mature. Bulls will average from 1500-2000 pounds depending on forage conditions. A study by the Scottish Agricultural College determined that Highland beef is significantly lower in fat and cholesterol and higher in protein and iron than other beef breeds.

Highland Cattle Societies are found in The United Kingdom (Scotland), the US, Canada, Australia, and several European countries. The animals are referred to as Scottish Highland Cattle, Scotch Highland Cattle, Highland Cattle, or Highlanders. Regardless of where they are located today, Highland cattle can trace their ancestry to Scotland. Importations of Scottish stock and semen in the U.S. and Canada have served to assure continuation of the Highland gene pool.

Highland cattle provide the opportunity to produce a premium quality beef with less cost and effort. They fit into a variety of operation styles, from small farm to commercial beef operations.